Best E-Bike for Mountain Climbing in Canada (2026): 38 Destinations Measured

Zeus eBikes, a Canadian e-bike retailer, measured 38 of the mountain destinations Canadians ride or ride through, from the Icefields Parkway to Mont-Mégantic, and matched five bikes we sell to each one. Every road was measured on Natural Resources Canada elevation data, every trail rule copied word for word from the park, town, trail society or resort page that publishes it on 30 October 2026, and every bike figure sourced and dated in the references.

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Where you may ride an e-bike on Canada’s mountains

The passes are closing for the winter: Alberta Parks shuts Highway 40 over Highwood Pass to vehicles from 1 December to 14 June [13]. The bike you choose this winter has to answer two questions next summer: will the rule at the trailhead let it through, and will the battery reach the next town? Start with the rule.

No climb matters on a trail you may not ride. On the roads, all five picks fit: each is rated at or under 500 W, with assistance to 32 km/h, on its maker’s Canadian page, the limits the provincial rules converge on [14, 15, 16, 17]. On the trails, 19 of the 32 destinations with trails admit pedal-assist e-bikes only, and every pick can move without pedalling, so on those trails our picks stay on the road.

Two of the provinces here add a condition for a throttle. B.C. requires a separate on/off switch or a motor that cannot engage below 3 km/h [14], and so does Nova Scotia, which also asks for at least one wheel rim of 350 mm [15]. All five picks clear the rim. Ask us which switch your bike has before you ride it in either province: the B.C. e-bike laws guide and the Atlantic Canada guide set out the rest.

Swipe the table

Four exceptions open trails to a throttle bike, all in the land manager’s own words:

• SilverStar: “Class 2 e-bikes are only permitted on Paradise, Cross Mountain and Knoll Loop trails The max power output on the motor permitted is 500 watts, and the bikes must be equipped with functional pedals.” [23] A 500 W throttle bike fits that wording on those three trails; whether a motor’s peak above 500 W counts is SilverStar’s call, so ask first.
• Golden: “Permitted on trails: E-bikes with a continuous maximum output of 500 watts.” [24] That notice is the Town of Golden’s, for its own trail networks; for Mount 7, ask the Golden Cycling Club before you ride.
• Whistler: the Resort Municipality writes “You can ride your standard e-bike or light e-bike on: the Valley Trail, roads, Forest Service Roads” [25], and a B.C. standard e-bike may have a throttle [14]; its recreational trails are for e-bikes without one.
• Gatineau Park: the NCC lists the devices permitted “on the Capital Pathway and parkways when they are open for active use only”, starting with “Electric power-assisted bicycles (“e-bikes”), with operable pedals, that resemble conventional bicycles” [26], and bars “All devices that are exclusively powered by a throttle” [26]. Whether a trike counts among e-bikes “that resemble conventional bicycles” is the NCC’s call.

We checked our own shelf as well. Of the 100 e-bikes available to order from Zeus on 30 October 2026, 95 list a throttle and 2 more ship with a throttle you can remove. If you mean to ride Whistler’s or Squamish’s singletrack, a bike sold as pedal-assist-only is the right tool, and the Canadian e-bike legal access atlas maps the rules beyond these 38 destinations.

Will a 500 W e-bike climb a Canadian mountain road?

Yes, on most of them. The steepest pitch of the 19 road climbs and passes we measured runs from 6.1% on the Bow Valley Parkway to 17.6% on Mont-Mégantic, and with a 90 kg rider the Citytri, the Axis and the RS-A02 Pro’s 500 W reading restart and hold 10 km/h on the steepest pitch of 18 of them.

Our climb test asks two things of each bike on a road’s steepest pitch, with the rider and 10 kg of gear: can the motor alone restart you at 6 km/h, and can its rated power plus 100 W from your legs hold 10 km/h? The first comes from the maker’s torque at the wheel, the second from the cycling power model [8]. The steepest pitch is the steepest 100 m inside a climb with lidar elevation; on climbs without lidar, and on the long through-roads, where one short dip or ramp would otherwise decide the answer, it is the steepest 500 m. Each figure in the tables gives its window.

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Surface from Statistics Canada’s road network [5], or from OpenStreetMap [6] where the road file records none: the Cabot Trail (486 of 486 named ways tagged asphalt or paved), Mont-Mégantic, Mount Royal, Mont-Tremblant and Gatineau Park. “Climb”, length and surface describe the route that decides each destination’s battery result; the steepest pitch is the steepest on any route we measured there.

With a 90 kg rider, Mont-Mégantic beats every pick. Weight moves the line. With a 70 kg rider, the Citytri, the Axis and the RS-A02 Pro pass the climb test on all 19 roads, Mont-Mégantic included; with a 110 kg rider the Citytri passes 15, the Westridge 8 and the Breeze Pro 9. On Mont-Mégantic’s 17.6%, the Citytri still restarts a 90 kg rider but holds 8.7 km/h, under our 10 km/h bar: pedal hard or walk the steepest 100 m. The e-bikes for hills guide shows the torque math for any hill.

Will the battery reach the next town?

Speed and your own effort move it more than a second battery does: on one battery at 12 km/h with strong pedalling, the Breeze Pro passes 15 of 19 road destinations, against 13 with two batteries at 20 km/h. Riding slower cuts air drag, and every watt from your legs is a watt the battery keeps.

Over Kootenay Pass, the Citytri would need 116% of its battery in October at 20 km/h with light pedalling, more than it has, and 50% at 12 km/h with strong pedalling.

The model runs each bike over the measured road in 10 m steps: the push gravity, rolling and air ask of the wheel [8, 9], met first by your legs and then by the motor, never above its rated power on a sustained climb. Motor and battery losses come from lab tests [10], the battery’s energy shrinks with cold [11], and air thins with altitude [12]. Makers do not publish assist levels in watts, so your effort stands in for the assist level: 75 W is light pedalling, 150 W is strong, steady pedalling. A pass means arriving with at least 15% left, on the lower motor efficiency of the lab range.

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Share of the battery used in October with a 90 kg rider. Above 100% the bike would run out. Through-roads are measured over their longest gap, one way, in the harder direction; climbs up and back down.

The longest gaps between places to stop

We measured the longest stretch of each through-road with no business or visitor centre within 1 km, from OpenStreetMap [6]. Treat a café or a motel as a door to knock on for an outlet; campgrounds and backcountry lodges are not counted.

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The Icefields Parkway’s longest gap runs 49.1 km from The Crossing to the Columbia Icefield, climbing 879 m on the way north. At 12 km/h with steady pedalling, all five picks reach the Icefield with more than 15% left in October; at 20 km/h, only the Citytri, the Axis and the Breeze Pro with its second battery do.

How cold is it at the top?

In July the mean temperature at the top of the 19 road climbs runs from 5.3 °C at Apex to 21.1 °C on Mount Royal; in October, the coldest month of the May-to-October season we modelled, it is below 0 °C at 6 of them, and the average daily low is below 0 °C at 12.

Cold shrinks the energy a battery delivers. In McMaster University’s tests of LG HG2 cells, as we read them, a cell gave about 89.3% of its 25 °C energy at 0 °C and 82.5% at −10 °C [11]. Our model applies the October temperature at the top to the whole ride, which overstates the loss lower down, and the battery results above already include it.

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Means from Environment and Climate Change Canada stations near each top [7]: a station within 30 km and 250 m of the summit’s height where one exists, otherwise the nearest valley station adjusted for altitude. Some summit stations stopped recording decades ago; the table gives each one’s years. A cold snap on the day can be colder than any mean.

Check the manual before October. Taubik’s Westridge 29T manual sets 0 °C as its lowest temperature [28]; for the Axis, Taubik told us by email that it “should have no problem being ridden in temperatures down to -20°C”, provided the battery is not stored in the cold and is warmed before charging [33]. Whatever you ride, bring the battery inside at night and charge it warm. The winter e-bike guide covers riding below freezing.

Pavement, gravel and the ride down

Most of these roads are paved. Gray Creek Pass and Apex’s climb from Hedley are not, and McBride Peak’s forest service road has no surface recorded in Statistics Canada’s file or on OpenStreetMap. On OpenStreetMap [6], Gray Creek Pass is 60% gravel, 17% other unpaved surface, 3% paved and 21% untagged.

The forest road over Gray Creek Pass opens “as late as early-mid July” [34]. Apex’s climb from Hedley is unpaved end to end in Statistics Canada’s road file, against 63% paved from Penticton [5]. The Icefields Parkway is 99.9% paved.

Surface changes the energy a road costs. Measured on real cyclists, knobby tires roll with a coefficient of 0.0092 against 0.0074 for commuter tires [9], about a quarter more resistance; our model gives every pick with 3-inch or wider tires the knobby figure.

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From each maker’s Canadian page [29, 35, 27, 36, 32]; the Citytri’s gearing note from RedTail’s Citytri E-310 specification table. The descents are long: Mount Revelstoke’s parkway drops 1,398 m in 25.4 km, and our model counts no battery use where gravity alone holds your speed. Stop at the pull-outs on a long descent, and on a trike with a parking brake, set it when you stop.

Rider weight, height and cargo

Weight is the number that moves a climb. Going from a 70 kg to a 110 kg rider, the Citytri’s climb passes fall from 19 to 15 of 19, the Westridge’s from 18 to 8, and the Breeze Pro’s from 18 to 9. Count your gear with your weight before you compare.

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Load and height from each maker’s page [29, 35, 27, 28, 36, 32]; Taubik’s basket figure by email [33]. For the trikes, call us with your inseam and we will check the seat height against the maker’s figures.

All 38 destinations, region by region

Each table gives the road numbers where we measured a road, the land manager’s trail rule, and which of our five fit each. Road results are for a 90 kg rider at 20 km/h with light pedalling, with the battery test run in July and October.

Entries marked at 12 km/h add the picks that pass when you slow down and pedal harder.

British Columbia (19)

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Squamish: the trail society writes “Although traditional (acoustic) bikes are still the most common in our network, class 1 e-bikes are permitted on all our trails and are the bike of choice for a growing number of riders.” [38] We found no District of Squamish trail ban; the District’s e-bike page showed no text when we read it twice on 30 October. Revelstoke: “Class 2 and 3 e-bikes are not permitted on any RCA trails.” [39] Mount Revelstoke National Park’s parkway is a road; its trails follow the park’s order. The North Shore: the climbs up Cypress, Mount Seymour and Grouse are roads. At Cypress, BC Parks writes “E-bikes are restricted to park roads and areas where motor vehicles are allowed.” [21] and across its parks “Class 2 and 3 e-bikes are usually allowed where motor vehicles are permitted, such as on roads and off-roading tracks” [40]. Sun Peaks: “We do not recommend e-bikes for downhill trails as they are usually intended for a cross-country style experience, however newer e-bikes designed as all-mountain bikes may be suitable for some of these trails.” [41] None of our five is built for a downhill bike park.

Alberta (7)

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Banff and the parkways: “The use of electric bicycles (e-bikes) is prohibited in Banff National Park except on paved roads and highways.” [42] The same order lets pedal-assist e-bikes onto the trail segments and networks it lists. The Bow Valley Parkway, Mount Norquay Road and the Icefields Parkway are paved roads, open to e-bikes that meet the provincial road rules; the listed trails take pedal-assist e-bikes only. Canmore and Kananaskis: Alberta Parks writes “Permitted e-bikes are defined as non-throttled electric powered bicycles that provide up to 500 Watts of continuous maximum output.” [43] and the Town of Canmore “Throttle use is permitted only on roadways.” [44] Highwood Pass: Highway 40 is closed to vehicles from 1 December to 14 June [13]; we found no sentence on whether e-bikes may ride it while it is closed, so ask Kananaskis Country before a June ride.

Québec (10)

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The Québec mountain-bike centres: Empire 47 writes “Yes, Class 1 ebikes (without throttle and with pedal motor – wheel motor forbidden) are allowed at Empire 47, however, there is a 25% surcharge on the access fees required.” [45] and Sentiers du Moulin “Les centres de vélo de montagne de Québec acceptent uniquement les vélos électriques de « classe 1 » et munis d’un moteur « pédalier ».” [46] (class 1 e-bikes with a crank motor only). All five picks can move without pedalling, which rules out class 1, so those trails are closed to them. Sépaq parks and Mount Royal: pedal-assist bikes are allowed and “electric” bikes are not; whether a throttle bike that is legal on Québec’s roads counts as “electric” is not written, so ask Sépaq or the City before you ride. The Québec e-bike laws guide and the Montréal rules guide cover the roads.

Nova Scotia and Manitoba (2)

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The Cabot Trail is a highway, so Nova Scotia’s power-assisted bicycle rule applies: 500 W, assistance to 32 km/h, at least one 350 mm rim, and a separate on/off switch or no assistance below 3 km/h [15]. Its longest gap runs 33.5 km over French and MacKenzie Mountains to Pleasant Bay. Riding Mountain: the park’s order defines a pedal-assist e-bike as one that “is equipped with a safety mechanism that prevents the motor from being engaged before the bicycle attains a speed of 3 km/h.” [47] That pedal-assist bikes are the permitted exception is our reading of the order.

How we measured, in full

Every step is set out here, so you can check the numbers or run them for your own road: which destinations qualified, where elevation and grade come from, how the bike model turns each road into a climb and a battery result, and what we did not model.

Which destinations

We wrote the inclusion rule on 30 October 2026, before collecting any destination data. A mountain, pass or trail network qualified if at least three of five independent sources named it as a cycling destination: search-engine ranking pages, Trailforks region rankings, Reddit cycling communities, Semrush monthly search volume, and four AI engines answering a visiting cyclist. Roads that riders pass through could score on only four of the five, so they needed two. The rule picked 38: 19 in British Columbia, 10 in Québec, 7 in Alberta, and one each in Nova Scotia and Manitoba. One candidate, Blue Mountain, dropped out when its Trailforks match turned out to be a different place.

Elevation and grade

Each road follows OpenStreetMap’s named ways [6] or PJAMM Cycling’s own climb file [4]. Elevation comes from Natural Resources Canada’s 2 m lidar mosaic where it covers at least 85% of the road, otherwise its 30 m model [3]. We rejected lidar points more than 40 m from the 30 m model (holes stored as numbers) or more than 4 m from their neighbours (bridges and misread returns), filled the gaps with the 30 m model’s shape, and smoothed over 30 m on lidar and 310 m on the 30 m model before computing grade. The physics runs on 10 m steps.

Against PJAMM Cycling’s 17 Canadian climbs, our gain differs by a median 2.7% and our length by 0.3%. Grouse Mountain is the outlier at +28%: PJAMM’s file starts the climb at 112.4 m where lidar reads 15.8 m, and NRCan’s 30 m model agrees with the lidar within 7.1 m along the road, so we kept ours.

The bike model

At each step the wheel must supply speed × [mass × g × (rolling coefficient × cos θ + sin θ) + ½ × air density × drag area × speed²], the power equation Martin and colleagues validated against measured cycling power [8]. Rolling coefficients and drag areas come from Tengattini and Bigazzi’s field measurements [9], chain efficiency 97.7% from Martin, motor-system efficiency 65–80% from Arango and colleagues, measured on a mid-drive e-bike and applied here to these five bikes’ motors as an estimate (the 65% end gives the battery figures on this page) [10], battery energy by temperature from McMaster’s cell tests [11], and air density by altitude from the 1976 Standard Atmosphere [12]. The motor never exceeds its rated power on a sustained climb; a maker’s peak counts only for the restart.

What we did not model

Wind, stops and starts, traffic, tire pressure, and a battery that is not fully charged when you set off. Our figures are steady-state, for a rider who holds a target speed; real rides use more. Bike figures are the makers’ own, and we did not ride these bikes on these roads; the only ride report on this page is RedTail eBikes’ off-pavement ride on the US Citytri. Trail rules change; we read every page on 30 October 2026.

Questions

The bottom line

Match the bike to the road first and the rule second. On the 19 road climbs and passes, the Citytri E-310 and the Taubik Axis pass 14 at a brisk pace and 17 when you slow down and pedal; on the 19 trail destinations that admit pedal-assist e-bikes only, a throttle bike stays on the road.

References

1. Zeus eBikes, Warranty (last updated 10 September 2026): “Your warranty is the manufacturer’s warranty on your e-bike.” zeusebikes.ca/pages/warranty. Read 31 Oct 2026 (store record).
2. Zeus eBikes, Refund policy: returns of unused and unopened items within 15 days of delivery; a 15% restocking fee. zeusebikes.ca/policies/refund-policy. Retrieved 31 Oct 2026.
3. Natural Resources Canada, Medium Resolution Digital Elevation Model (MRDEM-30) and the HRDEM 2 m lidar mosaic, CanElevation series. datacube.services.geo.ca/pgstac/api/collections/mrdem-30. Index re-read 30 Oct 2026.
4. PJAMM Cycling, Canada climbs (each climb’s public page and its embedded GPX). pjammcycling.com/zone/140.Canada. Read 30 Oct 2026.
5. Statistics Canada, National Road Network, British Columbia GeoPackage (the Alberta, Québec and Nova Scotia files follow the same address pattern). geo.statcan.gc.ca/nrn_rrn/bc/nrn_rrn_bc_GPKG.zip. Downloaded Oct 2026.
6. OpenStreetMap contributors, map data © OpenStreetMap, available under the Open Database Licence. www.openstreetmap.org/copyright. Data read 30–31 Oct 2026.
7. Environment and Climate Change Canada, daily climate observations (MSC GeoMet OGC API, climate-daily collection). api.weather.gc.ca/collections/climate-daily. Read 30 Oct 2026.
8. Martin, Milliken, Cobb, McFadden & Coggan (1998). Validation of a mathematical model for road cycling power. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(3):276–291. doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.3.276. Retrieved 18 Oct 2026.
9. Tengattini & Bigazzi (2018). Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences 36(20):2383–2391. doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1458587. Retrieved 2 Oct 2026 (author copy at the University of British Columbia).
10. Arango, Lopez & Ceren (2021). Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance. World Electric Vehicle Journal 12(2):59. mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/wevj/wevj-12-00059/article_deploy/wevj-12-00059.pdf. Retrieved 2 Oct 2026.
11. Kollmeyer, McMaster University: LG 18650HG2 Li-ion battery test data, Mendeley Data, version 2. doi.org/10.17632/b5mj79w5w9.2. Retrieved 23 Sep 2026; cold factors derived 2 Oct 2026.
12. NOAA, NASA & USAF (1976). U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 (NASA-TM-X-74335). ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19770009539/downloads/19770009539.pdf. Retrieved 2 Oct 2026.
13. Alberta Parks, Kananaskis Country annual road closures (Highway 40: closed December 1 – June 14). www.albertaparks.ca/parks/kananaskis/kananaskis-country/advisories-public-safety/annual-ro. Read 30 Oct 2026.
14. B.C. Reg. 64/2024, Motor Assisted Cycle Regulation (500 W “in total”, 32 km/h). www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/64_2024. Retrieved 18 Oct 2026.
15. N.S. Reg. 221/2026, Traffic Safety Act Interpretation Regulations, “power-assisted bicycle” (in force 19 Oct 2026). novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-221.pdf. Retrieved 18 Oct 2026.
16. SAAQ, FAQ on non-compliant vehicles (500 watts and 32 km/h). saaq.gouv.qc.ca/en/road-safety/modes-transportation/faq-non-compliant-vehicles. Retrieved 10 Oct 2026 (saved copy re-read 18 Oct 2026).
17. Alberta Transportation, mopeds and power bicycles (PDF). www.transportation.alberta.ca/content/doctype45/production/mopedpowerbikes.pdf. Read 30 Oct 2026.
18. “Biking - Jasper National Park”. parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ab/jasper/activ/experience/ete-summer/velo-bike. Read 30 Oct 2026.
19. “RED Mountain Bike Park - Rossland, British Columbia - RED Mountain Resort”. www.redresort.com/bikepark/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
20. “Grouse Bike Park - FAQS | Grouse Mountain - The Peak of Vancouver”. www.grousemountain.com/bike-park/faqs. Read 30 Oct 2026.
21. “Cypress Park | BC Parks”. bcparks.ca/cypress-park/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
22. “Biking Trails in Nature - Outdoor Activities in Quebec - Sepaq”. www.sepaq.com/quoi-faire/velo-sentiers.dot?language_id=1. Read 30 Oct 2026.
23. “SilverStar Mountain | Mountain Safety”. www.skisilverstar.com/the-mountain/mountain-safety/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
24. “Reminder: Motorized Vehicles on Trails | Town of Golden”. www.golden.ca/town-hall/news-notices/reminder-motorized-vehicles-trails. Read 30 Oct 2026.
25. “E-bike Policies | Resort Municipality of Whistler”. www.whistler.ca/parks-recreation-culture/trails/e-bike-policies/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
26. “Share the Path | National Capital Commission”. ncc-ccn.gc.ca/places/share-the-path. Read 30 Oct 2026.
27. Taubik, Westridge 29T product page. www.taubik.com/products/westridge-29t-2025. Read 31 Oct 2026.
28. Taubik, Westridge 29T owner’s manual (English/French). www.taubik.com/cdn/shop/files/Westridge-29T_english_french_compressed.pdf?v=18428638547140. Retrieved 2 Oct 2026 (saved copy re-read 31 Oct 2026).
29. Addmotor Canada, Citytri E-310 product page. ca.addmotor.com/products/citytri-e-310-folding-etrike-475. Read 31 Oct 2026.
30. RedTail eBikes (our US sister store), Addmotor Citytri E-310 review: ridden off pavement. redtailebikes.com/blogs/journal/addmotor-citytri-e-310-review#ridden. Verified 19 Sep 2026; re-read 31 Oct 2026.
31. RedTail eBikes, Addmotor Citytri E-310 review: brakes and the parking brake. redtailebikes.com/blogs/journal/addmotor-citytri-e-310-review#brakes. Re-read 31 Oct 2026.
32. Meet One Canada, Breeze Pro 2.0 product page. ca.meetonetrike.com/collections/all/products/meet-one-breeze-pro-2-0-full-suspension-fat-t. Read 31 Oct 2026; weight, brakes and tires from the page read 1 Oct 2026.
33. Taubik, email to Zeus eBikes, 19 October 2026 (Axis torque, basket rating and cold-weather use). Held by Zeus eBikes.
34. Trails BC, Trans Canada Trail over Gray Creek Pass: Gray Creek to Kimberley. trailsbc.ca/routes/gray-creek-pass/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
35. Taubik, Axis product page. www.taubik.com/products/taubik-axis-e-tricycle-trike. Read 31 Oct 2026.
36. Samebike Canada, RS-A02 Pro product page. ca.samebike.com/products/samebike-rsa02-folding-off-road-ebike. Read 31 Oct 2026; weight from the spec tab read 1 Oct 2026.
37. RedTail eBikes (our US sister store), Samebike RS-A02 Pro review: fit model on Samebike’s drawing. redtailebikes.com/blogs/journal/samebike-rs-a02-pro-review. Verified 26 Sep 2026; re-read 31 Oct 2026.
38. “e-bikes now allowed at certain sorca events + e-bike etiquette info | Squamish Off-Road Cycling Association”. www.sorca.ca/news/tfva2lak6zqjpatthts8l6q8sf30ys. Read 30 Oct 2026.
39. “E-biking — Revelstoke Cycling Association”. www.bikerevelstoke.org/e-biking. Read 30 Oct 2026.
40. “Cycling | BC Parks”. bcparks.ca/plan-your-trip/things-to-do/cycling/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
41. “Getting Started in the Bike Park | Sun Peaks Resort”. www.sunpeaksresort.com/bike-hike/bike/bike-park/getting-started-in-the-bike-park. Read 30 Oct 2026.
42. “Restricted Activity: Electric bicycles (e-bikes) - Bulletins - * - Banff National Park”. parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/bulletins/8942f86e-3565-4b9a-a424-7c86d7c97701. Read 30 Oct 2026.
43. “FAQs | Alberta Parks”. www.albertaparks.ca/albertaparks-ca/about-parks/contact-us/faqs/faqs/?name=E-Bikes/Power%2. Read 30 Oct 2026.
44. “Bike and Scooter Safety: Town of Canmore”. www.canmore.ca/your-community/public-safety/bike-and-scooter-safety. Read 30 Oct 2026.
45. “Description of the NPO - Empire 47”. www.empire47.com/en/about/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
46. “FAQ | Besoin d’infos? | Horaires, Conditions | Sentiers du Moulin”. www.sentiersdumoulin.com/faq/. Read 30 Oct 2026.
47. “Restricted activities - E-bike trail bicycling - Bulletins - * - Riding Mountain National Park”. parks.canada.ca/pn-np/mb/riding/securite-safety/bulletins/668ea326-a55d-4eaa-b1dd-ffe66404. Read 30 Oct 2026.

📸 Bike photos come from each bike’s Zeus eBikes listing; the Citytri and Axis photos show the bike in the Zeus eBikes studio.